III. Ukulawula Izimo Ezikhanyayo zama-Blueberries ku-Greenhouses
1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwamanethi Omthunzi: Amanethi omthunzi angasetshenziswa ukulawula ukukhanya, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amajikijolo aluhlaza awevezwa elangeni eliqine kakhulu.
2. Amanetha Omthunzi: Lawa asiza ukunciphisa amandla okukhanya futhi anikeze izimo zokukhanya ezifanele, avimbele amajikijolo aluhlaza ekushiseni ngokweqile futhi ehlise i-photosynthesis.
3. Ukukhanyisa Okungeziwe: Ezinkathini zonyaka noma phakathi nezinsuku eziguqubele lapho ukukhanya kunganele, ukukhanya okungeziwe kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amajikijolo aluhlaza anokukhanya okwanele kwe-photosynthesis.
4. Ukukhanyisa Okungeziwe: Izibani ezingeziwe zinganikeza i-spectrum efana nokukhanya kwemvelo, okusiza amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukugcina ukukhula okuhle ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okwanele.
5. Ukulawula Ukuqina Kokukhanya: I-photosynthesis yama-Blueberries ihlobene eduze nokuqina kokukhanya; kokubili ukukhanya okuqinile nokubuthakathaka kakhulu kuyingozi ekukhuleni kwama-blueberry.
6. Ukulawula Ukuqina Kokukhanya: Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukulungisa amandla okukhanya ngokuya ngesigaba sokukhula kanye nezidingo ezithile zama-blueberries ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis.
7. Ukuphatha Ubude Besikhathi Sokukhanya: Amajikijolo anezidingo ezihlukene zobude besikhathi sokukhanya ezigabeni zokukhula ezihlukene, futhi kubalulekile ukulawula ubude besikhathi sokukhanya ngokunengqondo ukuze akhuthaze kokubili ukukhula kwezitshalo nokuzala.
8. Ukulawula Ubude Besikhathi Esikhanyayo: Isibonelo, phakathi nesigaba sezithombo zama-blueberries, ubude bokukhanya bungancishiswa ngokufanelekile ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala okuvela ekukhanyeni okunamandla.
9. Ukudidiyelwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Lokushisa Nokukhanya: Izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwendawo ebamba ukushisa liphinde lithinte i-photosynthesis yama-blueberry, futhi kuyadingeka ukulungisa izinga lokushisa lasendlini ngokuvumelana nezimo zokukhanya ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo efanelekayo yokukhula kwama-blueberry.
10. I-CO2 Concentration Regulation: Ukwenyuka okufanele kokugxiliswa kwe-CO2 endaweni ebamba ukushisa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis, ngakho-ke ngenkathi kulungiswa ukukhanya, ukunakwa kufanele futhi kukhokhwe ekwengezeni i-CO2.
IV. Ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa nokukhanya ku-Greenhouses yama-Blueberries
1. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa: Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwama-blueberries ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kuyisenzo esibucayi sokulinganisa. Ngemuva kokuthi amajikijolo angena ku-dormancy yemvelo, adinga inani elithile lamahora okushisa aphansi ukuze aqhakaze futhi athele izithelo ngokujwayelekile. Isibonelo, endaweni yase-Qingdao, isikhathi lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula kancane ku-7.2℃ cishe zingama-20 kuNovemba. Isikhathi sokumboza indawo ebamba ukushisa kanye nokukhuphula izinga lokushisa kufanele kube ngoNovemba 20 kanye nezinsuku ezingama-34 kanye nesilinganiso sokuphepha sezinsuku ezi-3-5, okusho ukuthi isikhathi esiphephile sokumboza nokufudumala i-greenhouse sisuka zingama-27 kuya ku-29 kuZibandlela. Ukwengeza, izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse kufanele lilungiswe ngokuya ngesigaba sokukhula sama-blueberries ukuqinisekisa ukukhula nokuthuthuka okuvamile.
2. Ukuphathwa Kokukhanya: Amajikijolo aluhlaza adinga ukukhanya okwanele kwe-photosynthesis, kodwa ukukhanya okunamandla kungalimaza izitshalo. Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ukukhanya kungalawulwa kusetshenziswa amanetha omthunzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-blueberries awavezwa elangeni eliqine ngokweqile. Amafilimu abonisayo angasetshenziswa futhi ukukhulisa amandla okukhanya, ikakhulukazi ebusika lapho amahora okukhanya emini emfushane.
3. Ukulawula Ukungenisa komoya kanye Nomswakama: Ukulawulwa kokungena komoya kanye nomswakama ngaphakathi kwendawo ebamba ukushisa kubaluleke ngokufanayo ekukhuleni kwama-blueberry. Ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele kungasiza ekwehliseni izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse, kunciphise ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo, nokugcina amazinga omswakama afanelekile. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwama-blueberry, umswakama ohlobene nomoya ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse kufanele ugcinwe ku-70% -75%, okwenza kube lula ukuhluma kwama-blueberry.
4. I-CO2 Concentration Regulation: Ukwenyuka okufanele kokugxiliswa kwe-CO2 endaweni ebamba ukushisa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis, ngakho-ke ngenkathi kulungiswa ukukhanya, ukunakwa kufanele futhi kukhokhwe ekufakeni i-CO2.
Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla, ibhalansi yokushisa nokukhanya ku-greenhouse ingaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo, inikeze indawo ekhulayo yokukhula kwama-blueberries futhi ithuthukise isivuno kanye nekhwalithi.
V. Mangaki Amahora Okushisa Okuphansi Ingabe I-Blueberry Idinga Ngesikhathi Sokulala?
Ngemva kokungena e-dormancy, amajikijolo aluhlaza adinga isikhathi esithile samazinga okushisa aphansi ukuze aphule i-physiological dormancy, eyaziwa ngokuthi imfuneko ebandayo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-blueberry zinezidingo ezihlukene zokuphola. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-'ReKa' ludinga amahora angu-1000 noma ngaphezulu wokuphola, futhi uhlobo lwe-'DuKe' ludinga amahora angu-1000. Ezinye izinhlobo zinezidingo eziphansi zokuphola, njengezinhlobonhlobo ze-'Meadowlark', ezidinga amahora angaphansi kuka-900, kanti uhlobo lwe-'Green Gem' ludinga amahora angaphezu kuka-250. Ukwengeza, uhlobo lwe-'Eureka' aludingi amahora angaphezu kwangu-100, uhlobo lwe-'Rocio' (H5) aludingi amahora angaphezu kwangu-60, futhi uhlobo lwe-'L' aludingi amahora angaphezu kwangu-80. Le datha yezidingo ezibandayo ibalulekile ekulawuleni i-blueberry dormancy ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula kwezitshalo okuvamile nokuthela.
VI. Ngaphandle Kwezidingo Zokupholisa, Yiziphi Ezinye Izinto Ezithinta Ukukhishwa Kwe-Blueberry Dormancy?
Ukukhishwa kwe-blueberry dormancy kuthonywa izici eziningi, ngaphezu kwezidingo zokuphola, okuhlanganisa:
1. AmaHormone Angaphandle: I-Exogenous gibberellins (GA) ingaphula ngempumelelo i-blueberry bud dormancy. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-GA exogenous kunganciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe isitashi futhi kukhuphule okuqukethwe kwezimbali zezimbali, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze ukukhululwa kwe-blueberry dormancy nokuhluma.
2. Ukulawulwa Kwezinga Lokushisa: Ngemva kokungena e-dormancy, amajikijolo aluhlaza adinga isikhathi esithile samazinga okushisa aphansi ukuze aphule i-physiological dormancy. Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, izinga lokushisa lingalawulwa ukuze kulingise izidingo zezinga lokushisa eliphansi lezimo zemvelo, kusize amajikijolo aluhlaza ukuba aphule ukulala.
3. Izimo Zokukhanya: Ukukhanya kuphinde kuthinte ukukhululwa kwe-blueberry dormancy. Nakuba ama-blueberries eyizitshalo ezithanda ukukhanya, ukukhanya okunamandla kakhulu ngesikhathi sokulala kungalimaza izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuphathwa kokukhanya okufanele nakho kuyisici esibalulekile sokukhululwa kwe-dormancy.
4. Ukuphathwa kwamanzi: Ngesikhathi sokulala kwama-blueberry, ukulawulwa kwamanzi okufanele kuyadingeka. Ukugcina umswakama ofanelekile wenhlabathi kusiza izitshalo ze-blueberry ukuthi zihlale ziphilile ngesikhathi sokulala.
5. Ukuphathwa Komsoco: Ngesikhathi sokulala, amajikijolo anezidingo eziphansi zikamanyolo, kodwa ukuphatha kahle izakhi kungasiza isitshalo sikhule kangcono ngemva kokuphela kokulala. Umanyolo we-Foliar ungasetshenziswa ukunikeza imisoco edingekayo.
6. Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo: Ngesikhathi sokulala, izitshalo zama-blueberry ziba buthaka futhi zingenwa kalula yizinambuzane nezifo. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okufika ngesikhathi kanye nezifo kuyisici esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa impilo yezitshalo nokukhululwa kwe-dormancy okushelelayo.
7. Ukuphatha Ukuthena: Ukuthena ngendlela efanele kungakhuthaza ukukhula nokuthela kwezitshalo zama-blueberry. Ukuthena ngesikhathi se-dormancy kungasusa amagatsha afile nawelayo, kugcine ukuhamba kahle komoya kanye nokungena okuncane, okusiza isitshalo ukuba sikhulule i-dormancy.
Ngalezi zinyathelo ezingenhla, isikhathi sokulala sama-blueberries singaphathwa ngendlela efanele, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izitshalo zingakhula kahle ngemva kokulala, futhi kuthuthukiswe isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yama-blueberries.
Siyakwamukela ukuba nengxoxo eyengeziwe nathi.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-12-2024
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