Sawubona, abathanda ezolimo! Ingabe ukulima ulethisi obamba ukushisa ebusika kuyasabisa? Ungakhathazeki—ngamasu afanele, kuwumoya ohelezayo. Ake ucabange ulethisi omusha, opholile uchuma emakhazeni. Yilokho umlingo wobuchwepheshe besimanje be-greenhouse. Ake singene ekutheni ungabuguqula kanjani ubusika bube inkathi ekhiqizayo enezixazululo zokulima ezihlakaniphile.
Ukulungisa Umhlabathi Wokutshalwa Kwendlu Yokushisa Ebusika
Ukulima ulethisi obamba ukushisa ebusika kuqala ngokulungiswa kwenhlabathi. Umhlabathi omuhle awugcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngomsoco kodwa futhi uqinisekisa ukukhula kwezimpande ezinempilo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwenhlabathi
Ngaphambi kokutshala, hlola inhlabathi yakho ukuze uhlole i-pH yayo kanye namazinga omsoco. Umhlabathi okahle okhulisa ulethisi une-pH engu-6.0-7.0. Uma i-acidic kakhulu, engeza umcako; uma kune-alkaline kakhulu, engeza isibabule.
Ukuthuthukiswa Komhlaba
Khulisa ukuvunda komhlabathi nokufaka umoya ngokungeza izinto eziphilayo njengomquba noma umquba. Gcoba u-3,000-5,000 kg ihektare ngalinye futhi ulimele enhlabathini ukuze usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo.
Ukubulala amagciwane
Ukubulala amagciwane emhlabathini kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe izinambuzane nezifo. Sebenzisa i-solar disinfection ngokumboza inhlabathi ngepulasitiki phakathi nezinyanga ezishisayo zasehlobo ukuze ubulale amagciwane ngokushisa.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesakhiwo Somhlabathi
Qinisekisa ukuthi umhlabathi ukhululekile ukuvimbela ukuminyana. Thuthukisa isakhiwo ngokulima futhi wengeze i-perlite noma i-vermiculite ukuze uthuthukise ukungena nokukhipha amanzi.
Ukwengeza I-Insulation eyengeziwe ku-Greenhouse phakathi nobusika
Ukufaka i-greenhouse yakho kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina indawo efudumele ye-ulethisi. Ukufakwa okungeziwe kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa futhi kugcina i-greenhouse ithokomele.
Ifilimu Yepulasitiki Yezingqimba Ezimbili
Mboza i-greenhouse yakho ngesendlalelo esengeziwe sefilimu yepulasitiki ukuze wakhe igebe lomoya elivikelayo. Vala izendlalelo kahle ukuze uvimbele ukunyakaza komoya.
I-Insulation Curtains
Faka amakhethini okufakelwa anyakazayo angatshalwa ebusuku noma ngezikhathi ezibandayo ukuze abambe ukushisa. Lawa makhethini enziwe ngezinto ezinezingqimba eziningi zokufakelwa okusebenzayo.
Ifilimu Ephansi
Beka ifilimu emhlabathini obamba ukushisa ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa ukushisa futhi ugcine umswakama wenhlabathi. Khetha ifilimu ecacile noma emnyama ukuze ulawule ukukhanya nezinga lokushisa njengoba kudingeka.
Ifilimu Ekhombisa Ukushisa
Namathisela ifilimu ekhombisa ukushisa ezindongeni zangaphakathi ze-greenhouse. Le filimu ehlanganiswe ngensimbi ibonisa ukushisa kwe-infrared, inciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa.
I-pH ne-EC Level Monitoring ye-Hydroponic Lettuce Ebusika
Ukuqapha amazinga e-pH kanye ne-EC kubalulekile kuulethisi we-hydroponic ebusika. Le mingcele ithinta ukutholakala kwezakhi kanye nempilo yezitshalo.
Ukuqapha kwe-pH
Gcina i-pH engu-5.5-6.5 ezinhlelweni ze-hydroponic. Sebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola i-pH noma imitha ye-pH yedijithali ukuze uhlole njalo isixazululo sezakhi. Lungisa i-pH ngezilawuli ezifana ne-phosphoric noma i-nitric acid.
I-EC Monitoring
Amazinga e-EC akhombisa ukugcwala komsoco esixazululweni. Khomba i-EC ka-1.0-2.0 mS/cm. Sebenzisa imitha ye-EC ukuqapha amazinga futhi ulungise ukunikezwa kwezakhi ngendlela efanele.
Ukushintshwa Kwesixazululo Somsoco Okuvamile
Shintshanisa isixazululo sezakhi masonto onke ukuze uqinisekise ukuzinza nokusebenza ngempumelelo. Hlanza uhlelo lwe-hydroponic kahle ukuze ususe izinsalela futhi uvimbele ukwakheka kwe-pathogen.
Ukuqopha kanye nokuhlaziya
Gcina amarekhodi amazinga we-pH ne-EC ukuze ulandelele amathrendi. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlonza izinkinga kusenesikhathi nokugcina izimo zokukhula ezifanele.
Ukuhlonza Nokwelapha Amagciwane Ku-Lettuce Yokushisa Ebusika
Ukulawulwa kwe-pathogen kubalulekile ekuvuneni okuphezulu kuulethisi obamba ukushisa ebusika. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezitshalo.
I-Downy Mildew
Khomba i-downy mildew ngesikhunta esimhlophe emaceleni angaphansi kweqabunga. Kugweme ngokungenisa umoya omuhle, izinhlobonhlobo ezimelana nezifo, kanye nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi ngama-ejenti okulawula i-biocontrol njenge-Bacillus subtilis noma ama-chemical fungicides.
Ukubola Okuthambile
Ukubola okuthambile kubangela ukubola kwamaqabunga kanye nephunga elibi. Yilawule ngokuphatha ukuchelela ukuze ugweme ukugcwala kwamanzi, ukususa izitshalo ezinegciwane, nokusebenzisa izifutho ezenziwe ngethusi.
Izintwala
Ama-aphid ancela ubisi lwamaqabunga, abangele ukubola. Yilwa ngezicupho ezinamathelayo eziphuzi, izinambuzane ezidla ezinye njengama-ladybugs, noma izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi obuphansi.
Izimpukane ezimhlophe
Izimpukane ezimhlophe zenza amaqabunga abe phuzi ngokudla ubisi. Zilawule ngezicupho ezinamathelayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iminyovu eyizinambuzane, noma ama-biopesticides njenge-neem.
Ukuhlolwa kwezitshalo njalo kanye nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kunganciphisa umthelela we-pathogen futhi kuqinisekise ukukhula kwe-ulethisi okunempilo.
Esonga
Ukulima ulethisi obamba ukushisa ebusika kuwumsebenzi wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, onemivuzo ephezulu. Ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi, ukufakwa kwamanzi, ukuqapha kwe-hydroponic, nokulawulwa kwe-pathogen, ungaguqula ubusika bube inkathi ekhiqizayo. Lobu buchwepheshe abugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ulethisi wakho uyachuma kodwa futhi uvula indlela yokulima okusimeme futhi okunenzuzo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-12-2025
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