Ukukhanya kunendima ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Nge-photosynthesis, izitshalo ziguqula amandla okukhanya abe amandla amakhemikhali, asekela ukuthuthukiswa kwazo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezidingekayo ukuze zikhule. Nokho, izitshalo ezahlukene zinezidingo ezihlukene zokukhanya. Ubukhulu nobukhulu bokukhanya akuthinti nje kuphela ijubane lokukhula kwezitshalo kodwa futhi kuthinta indlela ezimila ngayo, ukuqhakaza, nokuthela izithelo. Ekulimeni kwe-greenhouse, ukukhetha i-spectrum efanele kanye namandla okukhanya kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno nekhwalithi yezitshalo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi ukukhanya okuhlukile nokuqina kuthinta kanjani izitshalo ezahlukahlukene nokuthi abalimi be-greenhouse bangalusebenzisa kanjani lolu lwazi ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo.
1. I-Light Spectrum Ikuthinta Kanjani Ukukhula Kwezitshalo?
I-spectrum yokukhanya ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zamaza okukhanya, futhi ingxenye ngayinye ye-spectrum inomthelela ohlukile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. I-spectra yokukhanya evamile ihlanganisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okubomvu, nokuluhlaza, futhi ngayinye inomphumela oyingqayizivele ezitshalweni.
1.1 Ukukhanya Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (amaza amaza aphakathi kuka-450-495 nm) kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokukhula kwamaqabunga kanye nokumila kwezitshalo kukonke. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuthuthukisa i-photosynthesis kanye ne-chlorophyll synthesis, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis. Ngemifino enamahlamvu efana noulethisi nesipinashi, ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi ekwandiseni usayizi wamaqabunga kanye nokuminyana.
1.2 Ukukhanya Okubomvu
Ukukhanya okubomvu (amaza aphakathi kuka-620-750 nm) kungenye i-spectrum yokukhanya ebalulekile ezitshalweni. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhakazeni izimbali, ukuthela izithelo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo sezizonke. Ukukhanya okubomvu kukhuthaza ukunwebeka kwesiqu futhi kusekela ukukhiqizwa kwe-phytochrome, enomthelela ekukhuleni kwezitshalo nemijikelezo yokuzala.
2. Amandla Okukhanya Nomthelela Wako Ekukhuleni Kwezitshalo
Nakuba i-spectrum yokukhanya ibalulekile, amandla okukhanya nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo. Amandla okukhanya asho inani lokukhanya elitholakala ezitshalweni, futhi lingathinta izinga le-photosynthesis, ubukhulu besitshalo, kanye nempilo yonke yesitshalo.
2.1 Amandla Okukhanya Okuphezulu
Amandla okukhanya aphezulu akhuthaza i-photosynthesis eqinile, okuholela ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ngokushesha kanye nokwanda kwesivuno. Izitshalo ezifana notamatisi kanye nopelepele zidinga ukukhanya okuphezulu ukuze zikhiqize izithelo kahle. Kodwa-ke, ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu kungabangela ukucindezeleka ezitshalweni, okuholela ekushiseni kwamaqabunga noma ukukhula okuvinjelwe. Kubalulekile ukulinganisa amandla okukhanya ukuze uqinisekise impilo yezitshalo.
2.2 Amandla Okukhanya Okuphansi
Ukukhanya okuphansi kungakhawulela i-photosynthesis, okuholela ekukhuleni kancane kanye nezitshalo ezincane. Nakuba ezinye izitshalo, ezifana nemifino enamahlamvu athile, zingakwazi ukubekezelela izimo eziphansi zokukhanya, izitshalo eziningi zidinga ukukhanya okwanele ukuze zikhule. Abalimi be-greenhouse bangakwazi ukwengeza ukukhanya kwemvelo ngokukhanyisa okwenziwe, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika noma ezifundeni ezinokukhanya kwelanga okuncane.
3. Abalimi Be-Greenhouse Bangazithuthukisa Kanjani Izimo Zokukhanya?
Ngokuqonda umthelela wokukhanya nokuqina, abalimi be-greenhouse bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa izimo zabo zokukhanya ukuze bakhuthaze izitshalo ezinempilo nezikhiqizayo. Besebenzisa inhlanganisela yokukhanya okungokwemvelo nokokwenziwa (njengamalambu okukhula kwe-LED), abalimi bangakha indawo ekahle yokukhula kwezitshalo, baqinisekise ukuthi ukukhanya kutholakala ngamanani afanele kanye nama-spectrum ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ngamathuluzi nezindlela ezifanele, njengokulawula imijikelezo yokukhanya nokusebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya ekhethekile, ukulima kwe-greenhouse kungasekela izitshalo ezinempilo unyaka wonke, ngisho nasezinkathini zonyaka zokukhanya okuncane.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-22-2024
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