Ukulima utamatisi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yezolimo zesimanje. Ngezindawo ezikhulayo ezilawulekayo, kuvumela abalimi ukuthi bakhulise ukukhiqiza. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, abalimi abaningi manje bazimisele ngokukhulisa isivuno sabo sikatamatisi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici ezithinta isivuno sikatamatisi, siqhathanise izivuno ngaphansi kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene be-greenhouse, sixoxe ngezindlela zokwandisa isivuno, futhi sihlole izivuno ezimaphakathi zomhlaba.
Izinto Ezithinta Isivuno Sotamatisi kuma-Polyhouses
1. Ukulawulwa Kwemvelo
Izinga lokushisa, umswakama, namazinga okukhanya yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ngqo ukukhula kukatamatisi. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lezitshalo zikatamatisi ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-22°C no-28°C (72°F kuya ku-82°F). Ukugcina izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lingaphezu kuka-15°C (59°F) kukhuthaza i-photosynthesis ephumelelayo nokukhula.
Endaweni yokulima utamatisi, abalimi basebenzise izinhlelo zokuqapha imvelo ezibavumela ukuthi balungise izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokugcina izimo ezikahle kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokukhula, bathole isivuno esingafika kumakhilogremu angu-40,000 ihektare ngalinye.
2. Ukuphatha Amanzi Nomsoco
Ukuphatha kahle amanzi nezakhamzimba kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno. Kokubili amanzi amaningi futhi anganele noma imisoco kungaholela ekuhluphekeniUngakhiqiza Yimalini Ku-Greenhouse Tomatoes nge-acre?
ukukhula kanye nokwanda kwezingozi zezifo. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokunisela ngamaconsi kwenza kube lula ukulawula ukutholakala kwamanzi, kanti izixazululo ezididiyelwe zezakhamzimba ziqinisekisa ukondliwa okufanele kwezitshalo.
Ku-greenhouse ehlakaniphile kwa-Israel, izinzwa ziqapha umswakama wenhlabathi namazinga ezakhi ngesikhathi sangempela. Uhlelo luzilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlelo zokunisela kanye nokuvundisa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukene zikatamatisi ezigabeni zokukhula ezihlukene, okuholela ekukhuleni kwesivuno ngaphezu kwama-30%.
3. Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Izinkinga zezinambuzane nezifo zingathinta kakhulu isivuno sikatamatisi. Ukusebenzisa amasu okulawula asebenzayo, njengezilawuli zebhayoloji nezomzimba, kunciphisa isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali. Ngokuletha izinambuzane ezizuzisayo nokusebenzisa izicupho, abalimi bangakwazi ukuphatha izinambuzane ngempumelelo futhi banciphise izifo.
Endlini yokushisa yase-Dutch, ukukhululwa kwezinambuzane ezidla ezinye kuye kwalawula ngempumelelo inqwaba yama-aphid, kanti izicupho ezinamathelayo eziphuzi ziye zasiza ekutholeni imithi yokwelapha izibulala-zinambuzane. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi utamatisi okhiqizwayo uphephile futhi unokuncintisana emakethe.
4. Ukuminyana Kwezitshalo
Ukugcina ukuminyana kokutshala okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncintisana phakathi kwezitshalo. Isikhala esifanele siqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo ngasinye sikatamatisi sithola ukukhanya okwanele kanye nemisoco. Ukuminyana okunconyiwe kokutshala kuvame ukuba phakathi kwezitshalo ezi-2,500 kuya kwezi-3,000 ehektheleni ngalinye. Ukuminyana kungaholela emthunzini futhi kuvimbele i-photosynthesis.
Emfelandawonye wezotamatisi okhethekile, ukuqaliswa kokuminyana okufanelekile kokutshala kanye nezindlela zokuhlanganisa izitshalo kuvumela isitshalo ngasinye ukuthola ukukhanya okwanele, okuholela ekuvuneni okuphezulu kwamaphawundi angu-50,000 ihektare ngalinye.
Ukuqhathanisa Ukukhiqiza Katamatisi Ngaphansi Kobuchwepheshe Be-Polyhouse Ehlukene
1. Izindlu Zokushisa Zendabuko
Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zendabuko ezenziwe ngengilazi noma ngepulasitiki ngokuvamile zithela phakathi kwamaphawundi angu-20,000 kanye no-30,000 katamatisi ihektare ngalinye. Isivuno sabo sithonywa kakhulu isimo sezulu kanye nezimo zemvelo, okuholela ekushintshashintsheni okukhulu.
Endlini yokushisa yendabuko eningizimu yeChina, abalimi bayakwazi ukusimamisa isivuno sabo cishe ngamaphawundi angama-25,000 ihektare ngalinye unyaka ngamunye. Nokho, ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu, ukukhiqizwa kungahluka kakhulu.
2. Ama-Greenhouses ahlakaniphile
Ngokwethulwa kwezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo nokulawula, izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezihlakaniphile zingazuza isivuno phakathi kwamaphawundi angama-40,000 kanye no-60,000 ehektheni ngalinye. Amasistimu okuphatha adidiyelwe asebenzayo athuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.
Endaweni yokushisa esezingeni eliphezulu eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ukusetshenziswa kokunisela okuhlakaniphile nobuchwepheshe bokulawula imvelo kwenze isivuno sifinyelele kumakhilogremu angu-55,000 ihektare ngalinye, okwenza ngcono kakhulu kokubili izinzuzo zokukhiqiza nezomnotho.
3. Ama-Greenhouses aqondile
Ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo womkhathi, amasu okulima aqondile angabangela isivuno esingaphezu kwamaphawundi angama-70,000 ehektheni ngalinye. Isakhiwo sesayensi nokutshala okunezendlalelo eziningi kukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kahle komhlaba.
Ipulazi elimile elisenkabeni yedolobha lizuze isivuno saminyaka yonke samaphawundi angu-90,000 ehektheni ngalinye, elihlangabezana nesidingo semakethe yendawo sikatamatisi omusha.
Ungakhuphula Kanjani Isivuno Sotamatisi kuma-Polyhouses
1. Lungiselela Ukulawulwa Kwemvelo
Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-smart greenhouse kuvumela ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, okwenza indawo yokukhula engcono kakhulu.
2. Ukunisela Ngokunemba kanye Nokufaka Umanyolo
Ukusebenzisa amasistimu okunisela ngamaconsi kanye nezixazululo zemisoco ehambisana nezidingo zangempela zezitshalo kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinsiza.
3. Khetha Izinhlobonhlobo Eziphakeme
Ukukhula kwezinhlobo ezinesivuno esikhulu, ezimelana nezifo ezifanele izimo zezulu zendawo kanye nezidingo zemakethe kungathuthukisa isivuno.
4. Sebenzisa Ukulawulwa Okudidiyelwe Kwezinambuzane
Ukuhlanganisa izindlela zokulawula izinto eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali kulawula ngempumelelo izinambuzane futhi kunciphisa umonakalo ezitshalweni.
5. Prakthiza Ukuzungezisa izitshalo
Ukusebenzisa ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo kunganciphisa izifo zomhlabathi futhi kugcine impilo yomhlabathi, okuholela ekuvuneni okuthuthukisiwe ekutshalweni okulandelayo.
I-Global Average Yields
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-FAO kanye neminyango ehlukahlukene yezolimo, isivuno esimaphakathi somhlaba wonke sikatamatisi obamba ukushisa siphakathi kuka-25,000 no-30,000 wamaphawundi ihektare ngalinye. Kodwa-ke, lesi sibalo sihluka kakhulu ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, izindlela zokutshala, kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha emazweni ahlukene. Emazweni athuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, njenge-Netherlands ne-Israel, isivuno sikatamatisi singafinyelela ku-80,000 pounds per acre.
Ngokuqhathanisa izivuno ezivela ezifundeni ezihlukene emhlabeni wonke, ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha ekwandiseni ukukhiqizwa kukatamatisi kuba sobala.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-30-2025
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