I-aphid ingenye yezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu futhi ezilimazayo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Uke wazibona izinambuzane ezincane zihlangana emaqabunga amancane, zimunca ubisi lwesitshalo? Lezi zinambuzane ezincane azigcini nje ngokusongela impilo yezitshalo kodwa futhi zisakaza amagciwane ezitshalo, okulimaza kakhulu isivuno nekhwalithi yezitshalo. Ngokocwaningo, ukuqubuka kwe-aphid kungabangela ukuncipha kwesivuno ngo-50% -80%, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho kubalimi. Ukulawula ama-aphid kubalulekile ekugcineni izitshalo ezibamba ukushisa zinempilo.Landela i-CFGET ukuze waziukuvimbela kanjani ukuhlasela kwezintwala, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe uma zivela.
Indlela Ama-Aphid Asongela Ngayo Izitshalo Ze-Greenhouse
* Ukumunca Ubisi Lwezitshalo
Ama-aphid asebenzisa izimbotshana zawo zomlomo ukuze abhoboze amaqabunga amancane neziqu zezitshalo, amunca ubisi. Bakhetha ukukhula okusha kwethenda, okungathinta kakhulu ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ngaphandle kwemisoco eyanele, izitshalo zikhombisa amaqabunga agoqene, amile, noma abunile. Ukuhlasela kwe-aphid okunzima kunganciphisa kakhulu isivuno, futhi kwezinye izimo, izitshalo zonke zingafa.
* Ukusabalalisa Amagciwane Ezitshalo
Ama-aphid angabathwali abanamandla bamagciwane ezitshalo, akwazi ukusabalalisa amagciwane ahlukene angaphezu kuka-150, okuhlanganisa i-cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) kanye ne-melon necrotic spot virus. Izitshalo ezingenwe yila magciwane zivame ukukhombisa ukukhubazeka kanye nokukhula okunciphile, okwehlisa kakhulu inani lazo lemakethe. Uma igciwane selisakazekile, lingangena kalula kwezinye izitshalo ku-greenhouse, okwenza ukulawula kube nzima nakakhulu.
* Ukufihla I-Honeydew kanye Nesikhunta Esikhuthazayo
Ama-aphid akhiqiza into enoshukela ebizwa ngokuthi i-honeydew, engakhuthaza ukukhula kwesikhunta, ikakhulukazi isikhunta esine-sooty. Lesi sikhunta simboza amaqabunga ezitshalo, sivimbele ukukhanya kwelanga futhi sivimbele i-photosynthesis, siqhubeke senza izitshalo zibe buthaka. Nakuba isikhunta singase singazibulali izitshalo ngokuqondile, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwesitshalo kanye nekhwalithi yezitshalo zizonke, okwenza umkhiqizo ungadayiseki.
Indlela Yokunqanda Ukutheleleka Kwezintwala
Ukuvimbela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha ama-aphid. Ngokulawula indawo ebamba ukushisa, ukusebenzisa inhlabathi ngendlela efanele, nokuqapha njalo, abalimi banganciphisa ngempumelelo ingozi yokuhlaselwa yizintwala.
* Ukugcina Izimo Ezilungile Zemvelo
Ama-greenhouses ahlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele zama-aphid, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifudumele nezinomswakama. Ama-aphid akhula kahle emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-15°C no-30°C. Ngokulawula ngokucophelela izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, abalimi banganciphisa ukuzala kwe-aphid. Kunconywa ukugcina amazinga okushisa e-greenhouse ephakathi kuka-18°C no-25°C phakathi nosuku, futhi ugcine amazinga omswakama aphakathi kuka-50% no-70%.
* Ukuphathwa Kokufaka Umanyolo nokunisela
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo we-nitrogen kukhuthaza ukukhula okusheshayo kwamaqabunga amasha amathenda, okuthandwa yi-aphid. Abalimi kufanele balinganisele ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo, bagweme i-nitrogen eningi. Ukwengeza i-phosphorus ne-potassium kungaqinisa izitshalo, kuzenze zingakhangi kakhulu kuma-aphid. Ukunisela ngendlela efanele nakho kubalulekile. Izimo ezimanzi kakhulu zingakhuthaza ukukhula kwe-aphid, ngakho-ke ukugcina isimiso sokunisela esifanele kunganciphisa ingozi.
* Ukuqapha Okujwayelekile kanye Nokutholwa Kwangaphambi kwesikhathi
Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokulawula izintwala ngaphambi kokuba zisakazeke. Abalimi kufanele bahlole njalo amaqabunga asemancane, izinhlangothi ezingaphansi zamaqabunga, neziqu lapho izintwala zivame ukubuthana khona. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afana nezicupho ezinamathelayo eziphuzi kungasiza ukubamba umsebenzi we-aphid osesigabeni sakuqala, okuvumela ukungenelela okufika ngesikhathi.
Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Kutholakala Izintwala
Uma ama-aphid etholakele, isinyathelo esisheshayo siyadingeka. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula ukuhlasela kwe-aphid.
* Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo
Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuyindlela eluhlaza enciphisa isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali. Ukukhulula izitha zemvelo zama-aphid, njengama-ladybugs nama-hoverflies, kungasiza ukulawula izintwala. Kolunye ucwaningo, ngemva kokukhulula ama-ladybugs endaweni ebamba ukushisa, izinombolo ze-aphid zehle ngo-60% phakathi namasonto amabili. Iminyovu eyiParasitic ingelinye ithuluzi elisebenzayo. Zibekela amaqanda ngaphakathi kwama-aphid, futhi izibungu zazo zibulala ama-aphid, zinciphisa ukuzala kwazo.
* Ukulawula Amakhemikhali
Ama-Botanical Insecticide: Izibulala-zinambuzane ze-botanical ezifana nowoyela we-neem ziyizinto zemvelo ezithikameza ukukhula nokuzalana kwezintwala, ezinciphisa inani labantu bazo. Uwoyela we-neem unobuthi obuncane futhi awuhambisani nemvelo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuphezulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-greenhouse. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi uwoyela we-neem unganciphisa i-aphid ngo-60% -70%. Enye inzuzo iwukuthi uwoyela we- neem akazilimazi izinambuzane ezinenzuzo, ogcina ibhalansi yemvelo.
Ama-Chemical Insecticide: Uma i-aphid ikhula ngokushesha noma ukuhlasela kuba nzima, izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali ezinobuthi obuphansi zingasiza ukulawula ngokushesha ukusabalala. I-Imidacloprid ne-avermectin yizibulala-zinambuzane ezimbili ezivamile. Zisebenza ngokuphazamisa isimiso sezinzwa zezintwala, zikhubaze, futhi ekugcineni zizibulale. Ukunakisisa umthamo kanye nemvamisa yokusetshenziswa kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukungezwani ekukhuleni. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukulandela izikhawu zokuphepha ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane aziphazamisi ikhwalithi yezitshalo noma impilo yabathengi.
* Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokususwa
Uma izitshalo ngazinye zihlaselwe kakhulu, kungcono ukuzihlukanisa futhi uzisuse ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwezinambuzane. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ama-aphid esakaza amagciwane. Ukuzihlukanisa ngokushesha kungasiza ukumisa ukubhebhetheka kwezifo. Ezitshalweni ezihlaselwe kakhulu, kutuswa ukuba zisuswe ngokuphelele futhi zizicekele phansi ukuze kugwenywe ukutheleleka okwengeziwe kwezitshalo ezinempilo.
Ama-aphid afaka inselele enkulu ezitshalweni ze-greenhouse, kodwa ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvimbela kanye nezindlela zokulawula ezifika ngesikhathi, umonakalo wabo ungancishiswa. Abalimi be-greenhouse kufanele bahlanganise ukuphathwa kwemvelo, ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo, ukulawula ngokomzimba, nezindlela zamakhemikhali ukuze balawule ngempumelelo izintwala. Okubalulekile ukuvimbela kusenesikhathi, ukuqapha njalo, kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo ezibanzi lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala ze-aphid ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwazo nokuqubuka kwazo. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yesayensi yokulawula izinambuzane, abalimi bangavikela impilo yezitshalo zabo, baqinisekise isivuno esikhulu, futhi bathole ukukhiqiza okuqhubekayo.
I-imeyili:info@cfgreenhouse.com
Ucingo: (0086) 13550100793
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-21-2024
