Kwezolimo zanamuhla, izindaba ezifana nokushoda kwezinsiza, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokuwohloka kwenhlabathi kubangela izinselele ezinkulu ekuvikelekeni kokudla emhlabeni wonke. Abalimi ababhekananga nengcindezi yokwandisa isivuno kuphela kodwa futhi nesidingo sokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokutshala nokunciphisa umthelela wendawo ngezinsiza ezilinganiselwe. Ubuchwepheshe bokulima okungenamhlaba (Hydroponics) buye bavela njengesixazululo esibalulekile sokubhekana nalezi zinselele, ngenxa yezimpawu zabo ezisebenzayo neziqhubekayo.
Ukulima okungenamhlabathi akusaseyona into entsha etholakala kumalabhorethri; iya ngokuya yamukelwa abalimi emhlabeni wonke, kusukela emapulazini asemadolobheni kuya ezindaweni zokugcina ukushisa. Lobu buchwepheshe bezolimo obusafufusa abugcini nje ngokusindisa amanzi namandla kodwa futhi buthuthukisa kakhulu isivuno nekhwalithi yezitshalo.
"Ukutshala okungenamhlaba" kusebenza kanjani?
Ingqikithi yokutshala okungenamhlaba ilele ekuphuleni indima evamile yomhlabathi njengendlela yokukhula. Akukhona nje ngokukhipha inhlabathi; esikhundleni salokho, inikeza isixazululo sezakhi ezakhiwe ngokunembile esivumela izimpande zezitshalo ukuba zimunce ngokuqondile izakhi ezizidingayo, okuholela ekukhuleni okusheshayo nokunempilo.
*Izitshalo Zizithola Kanjani Izakhamzimba?
Ekulinyweni komhlabathi ngokwesiko, izitshalo zimunca amanzi namaminerali emhlabathini ngezimpande zazo. Umhlabathi awunikezi nje kuphela izakhamzimba ezidingekayo kodwa futhi nokusekelwa ngokomzimba kwezimpande zezitshalo. Ezinhlelweni ezingenamhlabathi, inhlabathi iqedwa ngokuphelele. Esikhundleni salokho, amanzi ahlanzekile noma ama-substrates okwenziwa asetshenziselwa ukuletha imisoco ngqo ezitshalweni. Umnyombo wohlelo lokutshala okungenamhlaba yisixazululo sezakhi. Lolu ketshezi luqukethe wonke amaminerali kanye nezakhi zokulandelela ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, njenge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium, ne-magnesium. Lezi zakhi zomsoco zincibilika emanzini ezindaweni ezifanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumuncwa kahle kwezitshalo. Ukugxila kanye nesilinganiso sesixazululo sezakhi kungalungiswa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zezitshalo ezahlukene futhi kulawulwe ngokunembile ngezinhlelo zokuphatha ezihlakaniphile.
*IziNhlelo Ezijwayelekile Zokulima Okungenamhlaba
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko zezinhlelo zokulima ezingenahlabathi, ngayinye enemiklamo ehlukile nezindlela zokusebenza:
I-Hydroponic Systems: Ezinhlelweni ze-hydroponic, izimpande zezitshalo zicwiliswa ngokuqondile kwisisombululo sezakhi, esisakazwa ngesistimu yokupompa. Izinzuzo zalesi simiso zihlanganisa ubulula balo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kokudla okunomsoco okuqhubekayo ezitshalweni.
Amasistimu we-Aeroponic:Ezinhlelweni ze-aeroponic, izimpande zezitshalo zilenga emoyeni, futhi isisombululo somsoco sifakwa ezimpandeni ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpande zivezwe emoyeni, izitshalo zingathola amazinga aphezulu oksijini, okuthuthukisa ukukhula.
I-Substrate Culture: Isiko le-substrate lihlanganisa ukulungisa izimpande zezitshalo kuma-inorganic substrates (njenge-coconut coir, rock wool, noma i-perlite), ngesisombululo somsoco esihlinzekwa ngesistimu yokunisela nge-drip. Le ndlela inikeza ukusekelwa okungcono ngokomzimba ezitshalweni ezithile ezidinga izimpande ezizinzile.
* Izinhlelo Zokulawula Imvelo
Ukutshala okungenamhlabathi kuvame ukusetshenziswa endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma endaweni yasendlini, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi balawule ngokunembile ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, nezinye izici zemvelo. Isibonelo, izibani ze-LED zingasetshenziswa ukulungisa ukukhanya nobude beza, ukuqinisekisa izimo ezilungile ze-photosynthesis zezitshalo. Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kungabuye kuqondiswe kusetshenziswa isimo somoya kanye nama-humidifiers ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhula zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene.
Kungani Abalimi Abaningi Bekhetha Lobu buchwepheshe?
Ukulima okungenamhlaba kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezibalulekile ngaphezu kokulima umhlabathi wendabuko, okuheha inani elandayo labalimi kulo mkhakha.
*Ukusebenzisa Amanzi Okuthuthukisiwe Ngempumelelo
Amasistimu angenamhlabathi aphinde asebenzise izixazululo zomsoco, ehlisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezolimo zendabuko, ukulima okungenamhlaba kungagcina amanzi afika ku-90%, okwenza afaneleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenawo amanzi. Lesi sici sokonga amanzi sibeka ukutshalwa kwenhlabathi ngendlela engaba yisixazululo senkinga yamanzi emhlabeni jikelele.
*Ukwenyuka Okukhulu Kwesivuno Nekhwalithi
Ukulima okungenamhlaba kunikeza isilinganiso esifanele somsoco ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, ukugwema izinkinga ezibangelwa izifo ezithwalwa umhlabathi nokhula. Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo zingakhula ngokushesha ezimweni ezikahle, ngokuvunwa okuvamise ukuba ngu-30% kuya ku-50% ngaphezu kwalezo zezindlela zendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo elawulekayo iqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezitshalo engaguquki kanye nokunambitheka okungcono.
*Ukunciphisa Ingozi Yezinambuzane Nezifo
Ukulima kwenhlabathi yendabuko kuvame ukuhlushwa izinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ukulima okungenamhlabathi kuqeda inhlabathi, okuyindawo yokuzalela yalezi zinkinga, kunciphisa kakhulu ukuthambekela kwezitshalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abalimi banganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, bathuthukise ukuphepha kwezitshalo futhi banciphise umthelela wendawo.
*Izinkathi Zokukhula Ezinwetshiwe
Ukutshala okungenamhlaba kuvumela abalimi ukuthi batshale unyaka wonke, bangaphazanyiswa izinguquko zesizini. Ngezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokulawula imvelo, abalimi bangakwazi ukulungisa ukukhanya nezinga lokushisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, benze kube lula ukukhiqiza okuqhubekayo nokwandisa izinzuzo zezomnotho.
*Ukusetshenziswa Okuphezulu Kwendawo
Ukulima okungenamhlabathi kulungele ikakhulukazi ukulima kwasemadolobheni kanye nokulima okuqondile, okuvumela isivuno esiphezulu ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe. Abalimi bangatshala ophahleni lwezindlu, kuvulandi, noma endlini, bakhulise yonke iyintshi yomhlaba.
Ukutshala okungenamhlaba akuyona nje indlela; imele imodeli yezolimo ebheke phambili. Ngezinzuzo ezinjengokonga amanzi namandla, ukwanda kwesivuno, kanye nezinkinga ezincishisiwe zezinambuzane, ukulima okungenamhlaba sekube yithuluzi elibalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinselelo zezolimo zomhlaba wonke. Kubalimi, ukwazi lobu buchwepheshe akusizi nje kuphela ukuphatha ukungaqiniseki okulethwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu isivuno sezitshalo nekhwalithi kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko futhi kuvula amathuba amasha emakethe.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ukulima okungenamhlaba kulindeleke ukuthi kuhlanganiswe ngokujulile ne-automation kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezolimo kanye nokusimama. Le ndlela yokutshala ephumelelayo nengangeni kwemvelo izodlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuqonda izimiso kanye nezinzuzo ezixubile zokutshala okungenamhlaba, abalimi bangawabamba kangcono amathuba alethwa yilobu buchwepheshe. Njengoba siqhubekela phambili, ukulima okungenanhlabathi sekumi ngomumo ekuthuthukisweni okubanzi, okuba umfutho oyinhloko ekuguquguqukeni kwezolimo emhlabeni wonke.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-08-2024
