Muva nje, sithole umlayezo ovela kumngane eNyakatho Yurophu ebuza mayelana nezici ezingase ziholele ekuhlulekeni lapho kukhula upelepele omnandi endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
Lolu wudaba olunzima, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasha kwezolimo. Iseluleko sami ukuthi ungajahi ukukhiqiza ezolimo ngokushesha. Esikhundleni salokho, okokuqala, yakha ithimba labalimi abanolwazi, ubuyekeze ngokucophelela lonke ulwazi olufanele mayelana nokulima, futhi uxhumane nochwepheshe abathembekile bezobuchwepheshe.
Ekutshalweni kwe-greenhouse, noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle ohlelweni kungaba nemiphumela engenakuhlehliswa. Nakuba indawo ezungezile nesimo sezulu ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse kungalawulwa ngesandla, lokhu ngokuvamile kudinga izimali ezibalulekile, izinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nezinsiza zabantu. Uma ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele, ingaholela ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza zeqe amanani emakethe, okuholela emikhiqizweni engadayiswanga kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezimali.
Isivuno sezitshalo sithonywa yizici ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwezithombo, izindlela zokutshala, ukulawulwa kwemvelo, ukufanisa ubisi lwezakhi, nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo. Isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile futhi sixhumene. Ngalokhu kuqonda, singakwazi ukuhlola kangcono ukuthi ukuhambisana kwesistimu ye-greenhouse nesifunda sendawo kuthinta kanjani ukukhiqizwa.
Lapho ukhula upelepele omnandi eNyakatho Yurophu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugxila ohlelweni lokukhanyisa. I-sweet peppers izitshalo ezithanda ukukhanya ezidinga amazinga aphezulu okukhanya, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nezigaba zokuthela. Ukukhanya okwanele kukhuthaza i-photosynthesis, ethuthukisa kokubili isivuno nekhwalithi yezithelo. Kodwa-ke, izimo zokukhanya kwemvelo eNyakatho Yurophu, ikakhulukazi ebusika, ngokuvamile azihlangabezani nezidingo zikapelepele omnandi. Amahora amafushane emini kanye nokukhanya okuncane ebusika kunganciphisa ukukhula kukapelepele omnandi futhi kuvimbe ukukhula kwezithelo.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukukhanya okufanelekile kukapelepele omnandi kuphakathi kuka-15,000 no-20,000 lux ngosuku. Leli zinga lokukhanya libalulekile ekukhuleni okunempilo. Kodwa-ke, ebusika eNyakatho Yurophu, ukukhanya kwemini kuvamise ukuba ngamahora ama-4 kuye kwayi-5 kuphela, okukude nokwanele upelepele. Uma kungekho ukukhanya kwemvelo okwanele, ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okungeziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukukhula kwepelepele elimnandi.
Njengoba sineminyaka engu-28 yokuhlangenwe nakho kokwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse, sesikhonze abalimi be-greenhouse abangu-1,200 futhi sinolwazi ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene ezingu-52 zezitshalo ezibamba ukushisa. Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhanyisa okungeziwe, izinketho ezijwayelekile izibani ze-LED ne-HPS. Yomibili imithombo yokukhanya inezinzuzo zayo, futhi ukukhetha kufanele kwenziwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile kanye nemibandela ye-greenhouse.
| Imibandela yokuqhathanisa | I-LED (I-Light Emitting Diode) | I-HPS (High-Pressure Sodium Lamp) |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla | Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ngokuvamile konga amandla angu-30-50%. | Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu |
| Ukukhanya Okusebenzayo | Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, okuhlinzeka ngamaza amaza athile anenzuzo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo | Ukusebenza kahle okusesilinganisweni, ikakhulukazi kunikeza i-spectrum ebomvu-owolintshi |
| Isizukulwane Sokushisa | Isizukulwane sokushisa esiphansi, sinciphisa isidingo sokupholisa i-greenhouse | Ukukhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu, kungase kudinge ukupholisa okwengeziwe |
| Ubude bempilo | Ukuphila okude (kufika emahoreni angu-50,000+) | Ukuphila okufushane (cishe amahora angu-10,000) |
| I-Spectrum Adjustability | I-spectrum elungisekayo ukuze ihambisane nezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula kwezitshalo | I-spectrum egxilile ebangeni elibomvu-owolintshi |
| Utshalomali Lokuqala | Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphezulu | Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphansi |
| Izindleko Zokulungisa | Izindleko zokunakekela eziphansi, ukushintshwa okungajwayelekile | Izindleko zokulungisa eziphakeme, ukushintshwa kwama-bulb njalo |
| Umthelela Wezemvelo | I-Eco-friendly engenazo izinto eziyingozi | Iqukethe amanani amancane e-mercury, idinga ukulahlwa ngokucophelela |
| Ukufaneleka | Ifanele izitshalo ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezidingo ezithile ze-spectrum | Iyaguquguquka kodwa ilungele kancane izitshalo ezidinga ukukhanya okukhethekile |
| Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza | Ifanele kangcono ukulima okume mpo kanye nezindawo ezinokulawula ukukhanya okuqinile | Ifanele izindawo zokugcina izithombo zendabuko kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezinkulu |
Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu okungokoqobo kwa-CFGET, siqoqe imininingwane ngamasu okutshala ahlukene:
Izibani ze-High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) ngokuvamile zifaneleka kakhulu ekutshaleni izithelo nemifino. Banikeza ukukhanya okuphezulu kokukhanya kanye nesilinganiso esiphezulu sokukhanya okubomvu, okuyinzuzo ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwezithelo nokuvuthwa. Izindleko zokuqala zokutshala imali ziphansi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izibani ze-LED zifaneleka kangcono ukuhlakulela izimbali. I-spectrum yazo elungisekayo, amandla okukhanya alawulekayo, nokukhishwa kokushisa okuphansi kungahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokukhanya kwezimbali ezigabeni zokukhula ezihlukahlukene. Nakuba izindleko zokuqala zokutshala izimali ziphezulu, izindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside ziphansi.
Ngakho-ke, akukho ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu; kumayelana nokuthola lokho okufanela kangcono izidingo zakho ezithile. Sihlose ukwabelana ngolwazi lwethu nabalimi, sisebenze ndawonye ukuze sihlole futhi siqonde imisebenzi yesistimu ngayinye. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya isidingo sesistimu ngayinye nokulinganisa izindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi esizayo ukuze kusizwe abalimi benze ukukhetha okufanele kakhulu ngezimo zabo.
Amasevisi ethu ochwepheshe agcizelela ukuthi isinqumo sokugcina kufanele sisekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zesilimo, indawo ekhulayo, kanye nesabelomali.
Ukuze sihlole kangcono futhi siqonde ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwamasistimu okukhanyisa okwengeziwe kwe-greenhouse, sibala inani lezibani ezidingekayo ngokusekelwe ku-spectrum yokukhanya namaleveli e-lux, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Le datha ihlinzeka ngombono obanzi ukuze ikusize uthole ukuqonda okucacile kwezici zesistimu.
Ngimeme umnyango wethu wezobuchwepheshe ukuthi wethule futhi uxoxe ngamafomula wokubala, ikakhulukazi “ekubaleni izidingo zokukhanyisa ezengeziwe zemithombo yokukhanya emibili ehlukene endaweni ebamba ukushisa eyingilazi engamamitha-skwele ayi-3,000 etholakala eNyakatho Yurophu, kusetshenziswa ukutshalwa kwezikhwama ze-substrate ukutshala upelepele omnandi”:
Ukukhanya Okungeziwe kwe-LED
1) Isidingo samandla okukhanyisa:
1. Thatha imfuneko yamandla ka-150-200 watts ngemitha yesikwele.
2.Ingqikithi yamandla edingekayo = Indawo (amamitha-skwele) × Isidingo samandla endaweni yeyunithi ngayinye (ama-watts/square meter)
3.Isibalo: 3,000 square metres × 150-200 watts/square imitha = 450,000-600,000 watts
2)Inani Lezibani:
1. Cabanga ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-LED ngakunye kunamandla angama-watts angama-600.
2.Inani lezibani = Isamba samandla adingekayo ÷ Amandla ekukhanyeni ngakunye
3.Isibalo: 450,000-600,000 watts ÷ 600 watts = 750-1,000 izibani
3) Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke:
1. Cabanga ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-LED ngakunye kusebenza amahora ayi-12 ngosuku.
2.Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke = Inani lezibani × Amandla ngokukhanya ngakunye × Amahora okusebenza
3.Izibalo: 750-1,000 izibani × 600 watts × 12 amahora = 5,400,000-7,200,000 watt-amahora
4.Ukuguqulwa: 5,400-7,200 kilowatt-amahora
I-HPS Supplemental Lighting
1) Isidingo samandla okukhanyisa:
1. Thatha imfuneko yamandla ka-400-600 watts ngemitha yesikwele.
2.Ingqikithi yamandla edingekayo = Indawo (amamitha-skwele) × Isidingo samandla endaweni yeyunithi ngayinye (ama-watts/square meter)
3.Isibalo: 3,000 square metres × 400-600 watts/square imitha = 1,200,000-1,800,000 watts
2)Inani Lezibani:
1. Cabanga ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-HPS ngakunye kunamandla angama-watts angu-1,000.
2.Inani lezibani = Isamba samandla adingekayo ÷ Amandla ekukhanyeni ngakunye
3.Isibalo: 1,200,000-1,800,000 watts ÷ 1,000 watts = 1,200-1,800 izibani
3) Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke:
1. Cabanga ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-HPS ngakunye kusebenza amahora ayi-12 ngosuku.
2.Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwansuku zonke = Inani lezibani × Amandla ngokukhanya ngakunye × Amahora okusebenza
3.Isibalo: 1,200-1,800 izibani × 1,000 watts × 12 amahora = 14,400,000-21,600,000 watt-amahora
4.Ukuguqulwa: 14,400-21,600 kilowatt-amahora
| Into | Ukukhanya Okungeziwe kwe-LED | I-HPS Supplemental Lighting |
| Imfuneko Yamandla Okukhanyisa | 450,000-600,000 watts | 1,200,000-1,800,000 watts |
| Inombolo yezibani | 750-1,000 izibani | 1,200-1,800 izibani |
| Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Kwansuku zonke | 5,400-7,200 kilowatt-amahora | 14,400-21,600 kilowatt-amahora |
Ngale ndlela yokubala, sithemba ukuthi uzothola ukuqonda okucacile kwezici ezibalulekile zokucushwa kwe-greenhouse system-ezifana nokubalwa kwedatha namasu okulawula imvelo-ukwenza ukuhlola okuhlanganiswe kahle.
Sibonga ngokukhethekile kumnikezeli wethu wokukhanyisa ongeziwe wokukhula kwezitshalo kwa-CFGET ngokusinikeza imingcele edingekayo kanye nedatha yokuqinisekisa ukusethwa kwezibani.
Ngethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sinikeza imininingwane ejulile ezinyathelweni zokuqala zokutshalwa kwe-greenhouse futhi sisiza ekukhuthazeni ukuqonda okuqinile njengoba siqhubekela phambili ndawonye. Ngibheke ngabomvu ukubambisana nawe esikhathini esizayo, sisebenzisana ukuze ngidale inani elithe xaxa.
Ngingu-Coraline. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, i-CFGET igxile kakhulu embonini ye-greenhouse. Ubuqiniso, ubuqotho, nokuzinikela kuyizimiso ezibalulekile eziqhuba inkampani yethu. Silwela ukukhula kanye nabalimi bethu, ngokuqhubekayo sisungula futhi sithuthukisa izinsiza zethu ukuze silethe izixazululo ezingcono kakhulu ze-greenhouse.
E-Chengfei Greenhouse, asibona nje abakhiqizi be-greenhouse; singabalingani bakho. Kusukela ekubonisaneni okuningiliziwe ezigabeni zokuhlela kuya ekusekelweni okuphelele kulo lonke uhambo lwakho, sima nawe, sibhekana nayo yonke inselele ndawonye. Sikholelwa ukuthi kuphela ngokubambisana okuqotho nomzamo oqhubekayo singakwazi ukuzuza impumelelo ehlala njalo ndawonye.
—- Coraline, CFGET CEOUmbhali Woqobo: Coraline
Isaziso se-copyright: Lesi sihloko sokuqala sine-copyright. Sicela uthole imvume ngaphambi kokuphinda uthumele.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-12-2024
