Utamatisi otshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa uyadlondlobala—futhi ngesizathu esihle. Ngokusetha okulungile, ungajabulela isivuno esiphezulu, izinkathi zokuvuna ezinde, kanye nekhwalithi engaguquki, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sinjani ngaphandle.
Kodwa ungakhetha kanjani uhlobo olufanele lukatamatisi? Imuphi umklamo we-greenhouse osebenza kangcono? Ulwa kanjani nezinambuzane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngokweqile amakhemikhali? Futhi ugcina kanjani utamatisi umusha isikhathi eside ngemva kokuvuna?
Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokulima kukatamatisi obamba ukushisa ngo-2024—kusukela ekukhethweni okuhlukahlukene kuya ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo esihlakaniphile, ukulawula izinambuzane, nokuphatha ngemva kokuvuna.
1. Qala nge-Right Tomato Izinhlobonhlobo
Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele kuyisihluthulelo sesitshalo esikhiqizayo nesimelana nezifo.
Kutamatisi omkhulu, obomvu onesivuno esiqinile, i-Hongyun No.1 ikhiqiza cishe amathani ayi-12 ihektare ngalinye futhi inezithelo eziqinile. I-Jiahong F1 yenza kahle ekusetheni okungananhlabathi njenge-coco peat ne-rockwool, efinyelela ngaphezu kuka-9 kg ngemitha-skwele ngayinye.
Ezindaweni ezishisayo, ukumelana negciwane kubalulekile. Izinhlobo ze-TY zaziwa kakhulu ngokumelana ne-TYLCV (Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus), esiza ekunciphiseni ukulahlekelwa. Kutamatisi omncane, omnandi we-cherry onemibala egqamile kanye nenani eliphakeme lemakethe, izinhlobo ze-Jinmali ziyinketho enhle kakhulu.
2. Izindaba Zokuklama: I-Greenhouse Yakho Iwenza Umehluko
Idizayini enhle ye-greenhouse ikusiza ukuthi ulawule izinga lokushisa, umswakama, nokukhanya—izinto ezithinta ngokuqondile ukukhula kukatamatisi.
Ukusebenzisa ifilimu ekhanyayo ehlukanisiwe noma ingilazi ebonisa ngale kwandisa ukusatshalaliswa kokukhanya, okuholela esithelweni esifanayo nezitshalo ezinempilo. Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zesimanje, ukushintshela engilazini ehlakazekile kubonise ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekuvunweni nosayizi wezithelo.
Ukuze ulawule izinga lokushisa, amafeni nezindonga ezimanzi zingagcina izinga lokushisa lasehlobo liba ngu-28°C (82°F), linciphise ukwehla kwembali. Ebusika, izifutha komoya oshisayo noma amaphampu okushisa omthombo womoya agcina izinga lokushisa lizinzile ngaphezu kuka-15°C (59°F), livimbela ukucindezeleka okubandayo.
Ukulawula ukuswakama kubaluleke ngendlela efanayo. Amafeni agibele phezulu anezinhlelo zenkungu asiza ekunciphiseni izifo ezifana nesikhunta esimpunga kanye nesikhunta samaqabunga ngokugcina umoya ulinganisele.
Izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zifanela izifunda ezahlukahlukene:
- Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zesitayela se-Gothic zilungele izindawo ezibandayo, ezinomoya ngenxa yokukhipha amanzi aqinile kanye nokumelana nomthwalo weqhwa.
- Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zengilazi zeVenlo zilungele ukuzenzela kanye nokukhula kochwepheshe.
- Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zepulasitiki ze-span eziningi zisetshenziswa kakhulu emazweni ashisayo noma asathuthuka ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi nokusetha okuguquguqukayo.
I-Chengfei Greenhouse, enesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-28, inikeza izixazululo eziklanyelwe ukushisa ukushisa kwezitshalo ezahlukene, isimo sezulu kanye nesabelomali. Ithimba labo liyakweseka kusukela ekuklanyweni kuya kusevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa, iqinisekisa izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezisebenza kahle, ezikhiqizayo zabalimi emhlabeni wonke.
3. Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo: Ukuvimbela Kuhlakaniphile
Utamatisi uvame ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane ezinjengezimpukane, ama-aphid, namabhu. Indlela yokuqala yokuzivikela ingokoqobo—manetha ezinambuzane nezicupho ezinamathelayo zisiza ukuvimba izinambuzane ukuba zingangeni.
Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuyindlela evumelana nemvelo neqhubekayo. Izinambuzane eziwusizo ezifana ne-Encarsia formosa kanye nama-ladybugs zisiza ukugcina ibhalansi ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse futhi zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.
Ezifweni ezifana nesikhunta esimpunga nokulimaza sekwephuzile, sebenzisa ukwelashwa okusekelwe kumagciwane futhi ujikeleze amakhemikhali anensalela ephansi ukuze ugweme ukunqwabelana kokungazweli.
4. Ngemva Kokuvuna: Ukugcina Utamatisi Umusha Futhi Ulungile Emakethe
Isikhathi sibalulekile. Vuna utamatisi ekuvuthweni kuka-80-90% ukuze uthole ibhalansi engcono kakhulu yokuqina kanye ne-flavour. Zikhethe ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa ukuze ugweme ingcindezi yokushisa nokulahlekelwa umswakama.
Ukupholisa kusengaphambili kubalulekile—ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-10–12°C (50–54°F) ukuze kubambezeleke ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nokubambezeleka ukubola. Ukugreda nokupakisha ngosayizi nangombala kuvikela isithelo futhi kukhulisa ukukhanga kweshalofu.
Iketango elibandayo elilawulwa kahle elisuka ku-greenhouse liye emakethe linganweba impilo yeshelufu kufikela kuzinsuku eziyi-15, likusiza ukuthi ufinyelele izimakethe ezikude ngotamatisi omusha, wekhwalithi ephezulu.
Khula Uhlakaniphile, Thengisa kude
Ukukhulisa utamatisi obamba ukushisa kungaphezu nje kokutshala imbewu. Udinga inhlanganisela efanele yofuzo, ukwakheka, ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu, nokunakekelwa kwangemva kokuvuna.
Nasi isifinyezo esisheshayo:
- Khetha izinhlobo zikatamatisi ezikwazi ukumelana nezifo, ezithela kakhulu
- Dizayina izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezikhulisa ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama
- Sebenzisa amasu ahlakaniphile okulawula izinambuzane ezinciphisa amakhemikhali
- Bamba utamatisi ngemva kokuvuna ngokucophelela ukuze welule isikhathi sokuphila
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumlimi wezohwebo noma uhlela ukutshalwa kwezimali okusha epulazini, lawa masu azokusiza ukhule uhlakaniphe—futhi udayise ngokuqhubekayo.
Ufuna usizo lokuklama i-greenhouse yakho efanelekile noma ukukhetha okulungileuhlelo lwe-hydroponic? Zizwe ukhululekile ukufinyelela isixazululo ngokwezifiso!
Siyakwamukela ukuba nengxoxo eyengeziwe nathi!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-27-2025
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