Izindaba - Yini izithiyo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo? Izinselelo okufanele wazi ngazo

Izithombo zokugcina izithombo zidlala indima ebalulekile kwezolimo zanamuhla. Banikeza izilimo ngemvelo elawulwayo, efudumele, ibavumela ukuba bakhule ngokungakhathaleli isizini. Kodwa-ke, ama-greenhouse aphelele. Njengochwepheshe wezolimo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukulinganiselwa kwabo. Ake sibheke izinselelo ezihambisana nokulima ukushisa komhlaba.

1. Izindleko eziphezulu zokuqala

Ukwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse kudinga ukutshala imali okubalulekile. Noma ngabe yizinhlaka zensimbi, ingilazi noma isembozo sepulasitiki, noma amasistimu wokulawula azenzakalelayo, zonke lezi zinto zinomthelela ezindlekweni eziphakeme zokusetha abamba ukushisa. Kumapulazi amancane noma amabhizinisi okuqalisa ezolimo, lokhu kungaba umthwalo omkhulu wezezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokulungisa ziyaqhubeka, ikakhulukazi zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izibuko, ezithambekele ekulimaleni komoya nemvula, kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezimbozwe yipulasitiki, ezidinga ukushintshwa njalo kwefilimu. Lezi zindleko ezingezekile zenza ama-greenhouses inketho ebizayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu

Izithombo zokugcina izithombo zidinga amandla amaningi ukuze zilondoloze imvelo yangaphakathi ezinzile, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezibandayo. Ebusika, izinhlelo zokushisa kufanele ziqhube njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilimo zivikelekile kumakhaza. Ezifundeni ezibandayo, izindleko zamandla zingakha ama-30% kuye ku-40% wezindleko zokukhiqiza. Lokhu kuthembela esindayo emandleni akugcini nje ngokukhulisa izindleko zokusebenza kepha futhi kwenza ama-greenhouse asengozini yokushintshashintsha kwezintengo zamandla, angathinta ukuqina kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo.

3. Ukuncika kobuchwepheshe kanye nobunzima bokuphatha

Izithombo zokugcina izithombo zanamuhla zithembela kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezenzakalelayo zokulawula izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukunisela, kanye namazinga okukhanya. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphatha abamba ukushisa kudinga izinga eliphakeme lolwazi lobuchwepheshe. Uma amasistimu engaphathwa kahle, ukungalingani kwezemvelo kungenzeka, kungathinta kabi ukukhula kwezilimo. Abaphathi be-Greenhouse badinga ukujwayela ulwazi lwezolimo nobuchwepheshe ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza okubushelelezi, okwenza inqubo yokuphatha ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga ukufunda okuqhubekayo.

4. Umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu

Ngenkathi ama-greenhouse akwazi ukulawula imvelo yangaphakathi, asesengozini yezimo zezulu zangaphandle. Imicimbi yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, njengezivunguvungu, iqhwa, noma ama-heatewaves, ingabeka inani elikhulu lokucindezela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Isibonelo, imimoya enamandla neqhwa elisindayo lingalimaza isakhiwo, ngenkathi ukushisa ngokweqile kungalayisha ngokweqile uhlelo lokufaka umoya, okuholela ekushiseni okuphezulu okungalungile okulimazayo ngokulimazayo izilimo. Noma ngabe izithombo zokugcina izithombo zenzelwe ukumelana nomoya kanye nokufakelwa engqondweni, azikwazi ukuvikela ngokugcwele izilimo kusuka ekucindezelekeni kokushintshwa kwesimo sezulu.

I-5. Izinselelo Zokulungiswa Kwenhlabathi

Ukulima ukushisa okuluhlaza, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhula izilimo emhlabathini, kungaholela ekunciphiseni kwezakhi zomzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukutshala okuphezulu kakhulu kudla izakhamzimba zenhlabathi njenge-nitrogen, phosphorus, ne-potassium ngokushesha, kunciphisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi. Uma ukuphathwa kwenhlabathi kungaxazululwa kahle, isivuno sezitshalo kanye nekhwalithi ingahlupheka. Ngenkathi izinhlelo ezikhulisa i-hydroponic nenhlabathi zisiza ukunciphisa le nkinga, ziza nezinselelo zazo, njengesidingo semishini ekhethekile nesikhala.

6. Izinkinga zokulawulwa kwezifo izifo

Yize indawo elawulwayo ye-greenhouse inganciphisa ukungena kwezinambuzane kusuka ngaphandle, lapho izinambuzane noma izifo zingena, zingasakazeka ngokushesha. Izithombo zokugcina izithombo zingenazo izisulu zemvelo, okusho ukuthi ukulawula izinambuzane kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe. Uma izinambuzane noma izifo azidingidwa ngokushesha, zingabhubhisa izilimo ngokushesha, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu. Abaphathi be-Greenhouse kumele babheke njalo izilokazane nezifo, ezidinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo

7. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala okukhawulelwe

Isikhala ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse, ngenkathi sinikeza indawo ekhulayo efanelekile, ingaba umkhawulo. Ezigceke ezidinga igumbi elingaphezulu, njengezikhala zamakhabe noma amathanga, indawo etholakalayo kungenzeka ingabi olwanele. Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezinkulu, indawo yokwenza kahle iba yinkinga esemqoka. Kusetshenziswe kahle kangakanani isikhala esisetshenziswa kuthinta isivuno sezitshalo. Amasu anjengokulima okume mpo noma ukutshala okunama-multi akhuphula ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala, kepha lezi zinhlelo nazo zidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela kanye nemishini efanele ukuze isebenze.