Ukulima kwe-greenhouse sekushintshe ngokushesha embonini yezolimo yaseShayina, okuhlinzeka ngamathuba amasha okukhiqiza izitshalo ngempumelelo. Ngokukhula kobuchwepheshe obukhaliphile, izindawo zokugcina izithombo zesimanje seziwonga kakhulu amandla, nezinga lezitshalo selithuthuke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalezi ntuthuko, ukulima kwe-greenhouse kubhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa ezivame ukunganakwa. Lezi zinkinga seziqale ukuvela ngokucace kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi zethula izithiyo ezinkulu ekusimameni kwesikhathi eside kwemboni.
1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okuphezulu Nezindleko Ezikhuphukayo
Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingaguquki ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ikakhulukazi ebusika obubandayo, kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okubalulekile. Izindawo eziningi zokugcina izithombo e-China, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, zisathembele ezinhlelweni zokushisisa zendabuko ezifana negesi yemvelo nogesi ukugcina imvelo ifudumele. Lesi sidingo sokushisisa njalo sinyusa kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko zokusebenza.
Izindlu ezibamba ukushisa ezindaweni ezibandayo zasenyakatho ngokuvamile zidinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-15°C ebusika ukuze kuvinjelwe izitshalo ukuba zingaqhwa. Lokhu kubangela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezindala ezingakasebenzisi amasistimu awonga amandla kakhudlwana. Nakuba ezinye izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezihlakaniphile ezifana ne-"Chengfei Greenhouses" zethula ubuchwepheshe okonga amandla, zisabhekene nenselelo yokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezidingo zokukhula kwezitshalo, okwenza kube umshikashika oqhubekayo ukwehlisa izindleko nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
2. Umthelela Wendawo Ezungezile: Izindleko Ezifihlekile Zezindawo Zokubamba Ukushisa
Nakuba izindawo zokugcina izithombo zihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse okungahleliwe kahle kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi yemvelo. Kwezinye izindawo, ubuningi bezindlu zokugcina izithombo ezakhiwe endaweni eyodwa zingaholela ekushintsheni kwemvelo, okuholela ekulimaleni kwenhlabathi, ukushoda kwamanzi, nezinye izinkinga zemvelo.
Ezindaweni ezifana ne-Xinjiang ne-Inner Mongolia, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwemithombo yamanzi ngenxa yokulima okugxilile kwe-greenhouse kuye kwaholela ekwehleni kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokwanda kukasawoti enhlabathini. Lezi zinkinga zezemvelo zinikeza inselele enkulu ekuzinzeni kwesikhathi eside kwezolimo ezibamba ukushisa kulezi zifunda, okwenza kube nesidingo sokuthola izixazululo ezinciphisa indawo ezungezile yezindawo zokugcina izithombo ngenkathi kugcinwa isivuno sezitshalo.
3. Amazinga Aphansi Okuzenzakalela kanye Nokuthembela Kakhulu Emsebenzini Wezandla
Naphezu kwentuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-greenhouse, izindawo eziningi zokugcina izithombo e-China zisathembele kakhulu emsebenzini wezandla ukulawula izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokunisela. Ngenkathi ezinye izindlu zokugcina izithombo zifake i-automation, eziningi ezincane zihlala zincike kubalimi ukuze balungise mathupha umoya wokungenisa umoya, ukushisisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokunisela. Lokhu kungaholela ekungasebenzi kahle kanye nezimo zemvelo ezingaguquki, ezithinta ukukhula nokukhiqiza kwezitshalo.
Isibonelo, izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezindaweni ezifana ne-Hebei ne-Shandong zivame ukuthembela kubalimi ukuthi balungise amasistimu ngesandla, okuholela ekuguquguqukeni kwamazinga okushisa namazinga womswakamo angacindezela izitshalo. Ngokuphambene, izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezifana ne-Chengfei, ezisebenzisa izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ngokuphelele, ziyakwazi ukulawula indawo ezungezile ngokunembe kakhudlwana futhi zinciphise isidingo sokungenelela komuntu njalo. Lokhu kuholela ekuphathweni okungcono kwamandla kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo okungaguquki, okugqamisa izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile ekulimeni kwe-greenhouse.
4. Ukulahlwa kwamanzi: Inkinga Enzima Ezifundeni Ezomile
Amanzi abalulekile kwezolimo, kodwa ezinye izindawo ezibamba ukushisa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile noma ezomile, zisebenzisa amanzi amaningi ngokweqile. Lokhu kubeka ubunzima emithonjeni yamanzi evele inomkhawulo. Ezifundeni ezifana ne-Xinjiang kanye ne-Inner Mongolia, izindawo zokugcina izithombo eziningi zisebenzisa izindlela zokunisela zendabuko njengokufafaza noma ukukhukhula, okuholela ekumoshweni okukhulu kwamanzi. Lezi zindlela, nakuba zivamile, azisebenzi kahle uma ziqhathaniswa nezindlela zesimanje zokunisela njengokunisela ngamaconsi, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi futhi kuvimbele ukumoshakala.
Ukwenza ngcono ukuchelela ngendlela efanele kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuwudaba olubalulekile ekulimeni kwe-greenhouse ezindaweni ezingenawo amanzi. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bungasiza ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nokugcina izinsiza ezibalulekile, kodwa lezi zindlela ezintsha azikenziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcina izithombo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisemaphandleni noma ezindaweni ezingathuthukisiwe kangako.
5. Izinto Ezibalulekile: Isikhathi Esifushane Sokuphila Kwezindawo Zokubamba Ukushisa
Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha izindlu zokugcina izithombo, ikakhulukazi amafilimu epulasitiki asetshenziselwa ukumboza, adlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ubude besikhathi sazo sokuphila. Izindawo eziningi zokugcina izithombo ezincane zisathembele kumafilimu nezinto zokwakha zekhwalithi ephansi, zonakala ngokushesha ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga eshubile ye-UV. Njengoba lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo ziwohloka, ikhono le-greenhouse lokugcina izimo zangaphakathi ezizinzile liyaphazamiseka, okuholela ezindlekweni zokunakekela eziphakeme kanye nokushintshwa kaningi.
Isidingo sokushintsha izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi ngokuvamile siholela ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zokusebenza kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokuphila se-greenhouse. Lokhu akuthinti nje kuphela ukusebenza kwezomnotho kwe-greenhouse farming kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekumoshweni kwemvelo lapho izinto ezisetshenziswayo zilahlwa njalo.
Njengoba ukulima kwe-greenhouse kuqhubeka nokukhula e-China, ukusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha ezithuthukisiwe zizobaluleka ekunqobeni lezi zinselele. Ngokwamukela amasistimu okuphatha ahlakaniphile, ubuchwepheshe okonga amandla, kanye nezindlela zokuchelela ezisebenza kahle, ukulima kwe-greenhouse kungasimama futhi kungabizi kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-13-2025
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